Mycobacterium Avium Complex, or MAC lung disease, is an infection that develops due to exposure to bacteria naturally found in the soil or the environment. It is categorized into pulmonary MAC infections that affect respiration, disseminated MAC infections that affect immunity, and MAC-associated lymphadenitis that causes the swelling of lymph nodes. The condition has multiple factors that trigger flare-ups, including poor lifestyle habits. So, here is an overview of the risk factors of the condition.

Factors that can trigger MAC lung disease

Frequent exposure to particulate pollution
Exposure to particulate pollution and any form of dust pollution triggers problems with respiration. One must always cover their mouth and nose appropriately to avoid directly inhaling chemicals and fumes released in the environment. Not doing so increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPDs cited as a major risk factor and trigger for MAC infection. One must use protective gear to prevent this exposure.

Not exercising adequately
Exercise improves cardiovascular function and enhances respiration, which keeps the airways clean. Mucus accumulation is another risk factor that can worsen or prolong the symptoms of MAC lung disease. Doctors suggest moderate-intensity workouts, especially pulmonary rehabilitation, focusing on breathing techniques, mucus postural drainage, controlled coughing to force out debris, and percussion techniques to shake the mucus loose. One needs to avoid leading a sedentary lifestyle and incorporate as much exercise as possible without exerting too much.

Not getting vaccinations
Vaccinations prevent many chronic and serious illnesses from developing that affect respiration and cardiovascular function. Everything from the common flu and pneumonia to serious complications like the coronavirus are potential risk factors for MAC infection triggers. Getting the timely dose of vaccination helps the immune system build up strength to counter these viruses and lower the risk of respiratory failure that could develop alongside MAC lung disease.

Not paying attention to nutrition
Food is fuel for the body, and many foods and beverages provide a balanced vitamin, mineral, and nutrient intake. At the same time, it is also important to avoid several trigger foods that cause mucus buildup, trigger respiratory problems, and speed up the progression of infections like MAC lung disease.

Ignoring the existing risk of health complications
Not paying attention to existing health complications is also a habit that will worsen one’s outlook for managing MAC lung disease. Conditions like cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, asthma, and emphysema all require careful care and periodic monitoring to prevent the symptoms from worsening. People suffering from these conditions are already at high risk for developing MAC lung disease. The risk is much higher among older people above the age of 65 and more so among women post-menopause.

Doctors can only suggest treatment alternatives for MAC lung disease after carefully considering preexisting conditions. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to existing conditions, risks, lifestyle choices, trigger factors, and outlook to prevent MAC lung infection from worsening.