Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is an arrhythmia with irregular and often rapid heart rhythms. During an AFib episode, the heart’s upper (atria) and chambers are not in sync with the heart’s lower (ventricles) chambers. While some may not display symptoms, AFib can cause a pounding heart and shortness of breath and lead to blood clots. Episodes of atrial fibrillation may be occasional or persistent, but proper diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent cardiovascular issues.

Early signs and symptoms of Atrial fibrillation could include

• Palpitations and fluttering in the chest – A feeling of heart pounding or racing
• Reduced ability to exercise – The exertion could cause the heart to race
• Chest pain – A feeling of tightness or heaviness in the chest
• Dizziness and lightheadedness – A lack of proper blood supply to the brain causes this
• Fatigue and weakness – Lack of oxygen to the body can cause fatigue
• Shortness of breath – Irregular pumping of the heart can cause fluid buildup in the lungs, making it harder to breathe
• Confusion
• Sweating
• Anxiety

Types
There are four kinds of Atrial fibrillation, each of which is explained below:

Occasional Atrial fibrillation
Occasional Atrial fibrillation is also called (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation), and the symptoms usually last from a few minutes to hours to a week and can happen frequently. While symptoms could recede on their own, some people might need treatment.

Persistent Atrial fibrillation
Persistent Atrial fibrillation occurs when the irregular heartbeat is constant, and the heart rhythm doesn’t rectify on its own. Medical intervention is required in this case.

Long-standing persistent Atrial fibrillation
Long-standing persistent Atrial fibrillation occurs when the irregularity in heartbeats is constant and lasts longer than 12 months. In this case, a procedure could be required to correct the irregular heartbeat.

Permanent Atrial fibrillation
Permanent Atrial fibrillation is where the irregular heart rhythm can’t be reset. Treatment is required to control the heart rate and to prevent possible blood clots.

Atrial fibrillation risk factors
Early signs of Atrial fibrillation can be due to several risk factors:

• Older age
• High blood pressure
• Family history of Atrial fibrillation
• Prevalent heart conditions like heart disease, heart valve problems, or heart failure
• Previous heart surgery
• Diabetes
• Thyroid problems
• Chronic kidney disease
• Lung disease
• Sleep apnea

Seeking medical attention
A heart rate consistently above 100 bpm or under 60 bpm is cause for concern. If the palpitations or irregular heartbeats feel uncomfortable or last more than a few minutes, it is best to seek medical attention immediately. The following symptoms could indicate something more than just an irregularity in heartbeat.

• Pain or pressure in the middle of the chest
• Radiating pain to the jaw, neck, arms, and torso
• Nausea
• Cold sweat
• Drooping face
• Arm weakness
• Trouble speaking

While Atrial fibrillation might not disrupt work or daily life, it is best to get it checked, diagnosed, and treated to manage the risk of stroke or heart failure. Individual treatment will depend on stroke risk factors and other underlying health conditions.