A type of cancer, lymphoma affects the white blood cell known as lymphocytes in the lymphatic system. These cells are the body’s defense mechanism against diseases and infections. Lymphoma causes lymphocytes to reproduce at a faster rate. It can develop in different parts of the body starting in the lymph nodes. One of the very first symptoms is swollen lymph nodes, which are not painful. There are two categories of lymphomas, namely, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is one of the rarest types of cancer. It is usually characterized by the presence of Reed–Sternberg (RS) cells. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is more common than Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Read on to know more about the various types of lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma B-cell lymphoma – The B-cell lymphoma is one of the most aggressive forms of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a fast-growing lymphoma. It develops from abnormal B-cells present in the blood and damages the structure of the lymph node. Early diagnosis and resultant treatment can lead to a complete cure. The symptoms of this type of lymphoma include enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, unusual weight loss, loss of appetite, extreme tiredness or fatigue, fever, and extreme itchiness. Moreover, there can be abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, cough, and shortness of breath.

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that is caused in the blood cells and bone marrow. There are two more types of blood cancers, namely, lymphoma and myeloma. Leukemia occurs when there is a rapid production of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow—a place where all different types of blood cells are formed—that stops other healthy blood cells from growing and preventing the body from infections. Like every disease, leukemia also has many risk factors that increase the chances of cancer in a person. Gaining knowledge of these risk factors can help people take important measures that will prevent them from developing the disease. Smoking – Cigarette smoking is injurious to health and it is known for increasing one’s risk of developing cancer as cigarettes contain a dozen of cancer-causing chemicals. Exposure to cancer-causing agents – High doses of radiation often cause an increased risk of developing leukemia. Additionally, long-term exposure to high levels of solvents at workplaces can cause leukemia in people. Myelodysplastic syndrome – This syndrome is a group of disorders that occur when something tampers the production of blood cells. Therefore, this defect in the production of blood cells can increase the chances of leukemia as well.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood cells and the bone marrow. This cancer usually begins in the bone marrow and undergoes a leukemic change which means, the cell might grow and survive better than normal cells. As a result, the cells suppress the growth and development of normal cells which might disrupt bodily functions and cause life-threatening symptoms. The rate at which the disease progresses depends on how the leukemic cells replace normal bone marrow and blood cells. Following are some types leukemia based on the type of cells: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) It is a type of cancer of blood and bone marrow that progresses due to acquired or genetic injury of the DNA while stem cells are developing in the bone marrow. Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) starts in the bone marrow and stems cells, it can progressively spread to the central nervous system, lymph nodes, and in some cases, testicles. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) This type of cancer usually develops in bone marrow and develops acquired mutation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) affects red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. As a result, the number of healthy blood cells is usually lower than normal.

Leukemia is the cancer of the blood that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of some blood cells in the bone marrow. This fast abnormal growth of any one type of blood cell then prevents the healthy growth of other blood cells, which then becomes a cancer of the blood. Leukemia has no obvious or noticeable symptoms in its early stage but can be diagnosed incidentally in a routine physical exam or through a blood test. Diagnosis of leukemia Leukemia often makes a person look pale and enlarges their lymph nodes, liver, or spleen. It also causes frequent fever along with persistent infections, fatigue, or a small pinpoint rash. These signs often help the doctors suspect leukemia. To confirm their suspicion, doctors often perform a needle biopsy and examine bone marrow from the pelvic bone to look for leukemic cells, chromosome changes, and DNA markers. Some important factors that doctors look for while diagnosing leukemia are the age of the patient, the type of leukemia, and the abnormalities in the chromosomes that are found in the leukemia cells in the bone marrow. Treatments for leukemia The treatments for leukemia often include chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, watchful waiting, and supportive therapy.

The lymphatic system is the body’s defense system against infections. This system includes the spleen, bone marrow, thymus gland, and the lymph nodes. When the white blood cells in the lymphatic system start to reproduce at a faster rate, lymphoma occurs. It is a form of cancer that affects all the organs of the lymphatic system as well as the other parts of the body. Lymphoma causes the lymph nodes to swell. Other symptoms include bone pain, cough, fatigue, enlarged spleen, night sweats, fever, itchy rash, shortness of breath, itching, abdominal pain, and sudden and unexplained weight loss. The symptoms and their severity depend on the type of lymphoma. There are two main categories of this cancer—Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The former is a rare type of cancer while the latter is far more common. Depending on the type of cancer, different treatment plans are recommended by physicians. Early treatment can help in arresting the growth of cancer, and in some cases, treatment leads to a complete cure as well. However, most types of lymphomas have a slow progression. Due to the slow growth of cancer, diagnosis can be slow as well. Despite the late diagnosis, in most cases, the patient survival rate is steadily rising due to evolved diagnostic tests and methods over the years.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that attacks the lymphatic system, one of the most crucial elements of the immune system. The body relies on the immune system to fight off infections, bacteria, and external attacks that can cause one’s overall health to deteriorate. The lymphatic system primarily includes the lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus gland, and the spleen. The nodes connect to vital organs and systems throughout the body which is why lymphoma can affect any part without the person even realizing an attack is imminent. Mainly, cancer causes the lymphocytes in the lymphatic system to multiply rapidly and grow out of control. Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are the two main types of lymphoma that involve different variations of lymphocyte cells. Hodgkin’s lymphoma Genetic changes in the B lymphocytes due to the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the causes of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The trigger also leads to the development of Reed-Sternberg cells that affects the chemical composition of one’s DNA. Note that DNA is made up of two types of genetic cells, namely, oncogenes and suppressor genes. Lymphoma is the result of overactive oncogenes or idle suppressor genes responsible for stopping the cancerous growth in the first place.

Hemophilia is a rare disorder where the blood does not clot normally due to the lack of blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors). It is not a contagious disease and people diagnosed with hemophilia are born with the same, i.e. the condition is passed on through the genes of the parents. These genes carry the messages based on which the body’s cells develop. In some cases, one can be diagnosed with hemophilia even when there is no family history of the same. This is known as sporadic hemophilia. The disease puts manifold restrictions on one’s day-to-day activities and till now there haven’t been enough effective methods of treatment to let a person diagnosed with hemophilia resume living life as they desire. Below are the four primary factors one should know about while living with hemophilia: Hemophilia treatment centers There are various essential resources which patients diagnosed with hemophilia should know of and one among those are specialized hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). There are over a hundred HTCs that are being funded through a government-run network. Many of these centers are located at major research and medical centers. These hemophilia treatment centers help patients and their families to know more about their condition, the treatment options available, managing symptoms, strategies that help provide support, etc.

Hemophilia is a condition where the person has low levels or lacks the required amount of certain proteins that clot the blood. This results in the blood not clotting the way it normally does and consequently, excessive bleeding. People who have been diagnosed with hemophilia generally tend to bleed easily and the blood comparatively takes a longer time to clot. They can experience internal bleeding or spontaneous bleeding as well. It is an inherited bleeding disorder and is rare but serious in nature. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are two types of hemophilia, they are hemophilia A and B. Hemophilia A is the most common type among them. It is caused due to the deficiency in factor VIII. Eight out of ten people with hemophilia have been diagnosed with hemophilia A according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institue (NHLBI). Hemophilia B is also known as the Christmas disease and it is caused due to the deficiency of factor IX. Hemophilia cannot be cured and is known to develop after birth in rare cases. This condition is known as “acquired hemophilia.” However, measures can be taken to cope with the symptoms and prevent any complications.

Despite the progress in the field of medicines, there are certain ailments that cannot be cured completely. In such cases, one has to rely on treatment methods, like clinical trials and other alternatives to curb the symptoms of the said condition. Amyloidosis is one such condition. This incurable condition affects about 4,000 people every year. It is a rare health condition and can be fatal in certain cases. Since this is rare, it is difficult for researchers and doctors to determine appropriate treatments to control the condition. Thankfully, recent researches in this particular area have yielded essential information which will help develop effective treatment methods. Amyloidosis occurs when a substance called amyloid starts building up in the organs. Amyloid is an abnormal protein which is produced in the bone marrow; this is eventually deposited in any tissue or organ. The condition can be life-threatening as it has the ability to affect different organs. Usually, the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, nervous system, and digestive tract are targeted by the abnormal protein. It is essential to identify the type of amyloidosis as severe conditions can lead to organ failure. Types of amyloidosis There are six types of amyloidosis and each of these affects different organs.

Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid, a type of protein, builds up in the organs. This protein is produced in the bone marrow and can deposit in any organ or tissue. Statistics show that at least 4,000 people develop the condition in our country. It is usually diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 65. Although the disease can affect any part of the body, it mostly affects the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and the digestive tract, and severe amyloidosis can even result in organ failure. Here are some of the main types of the disease based on particular symptoms: Primary amyloidosis (AL) The most common type, it is an acquired plasma cell disorder in which a monoclonal immunoglobin chain of protein is overproduced in the bone marrow. Primary amyloidosis (AL) is usually found in blood and urine and occurs with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, or, multiple myeloma. The “AL” in primary amyloidosis refers to light chains. People suffering from this type of the disease usually experience heart failure, protein in the urine, an enlarged liver, kidney failure, and an enlarged tongue. Treating primary amyloidosis : The type of treatment provided to the patient is based on the progression of the disease.